India–UK Free Trade Agreement: How ‘Vocal For Local’ has Now gone Global

When you hear ‘Vocal For Local’, it evokes memories of Indian brands, startups, artisans, sellers, and more gaining their rightful limelight, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. And now, the India—UK Free Trade Agreement, announced on 24 July, goes beyond tariffs and trade balance. It is a statement of intent to elevate local enterprise onto a global platform. Rooted in the ethos of Vocal for Local, the agreement paves the way for Indian artisans, farmers, manufacturers, and tech professionals to access new markets and audiences across the UK.

From handcrafted goods and agricultural produce to advanced digital services, the FTA is set to create pathways for growth that begin in India’s rural heartlands and innovation hubs, extending their reach to British high streets and households. It’s a moment where tradition meets opportunity—translating local talent into global impact.

India-UK Trade Deal: A Milestone

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The signing of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between India and the UK marks a significant diplomatic and economic milestone, as it is the UK’s most ambitious post-Brexit trade pact and India’s first such agreement with a G7 country in over a decade. Finalised at Chequers by Prime Ministers Keir Starmer and Narendra Modi, the deal reflects years of complex negotiations and mutual economic interest, particularly in reducing tariffs and expanding market access.

However, key concerns remain unresolved. India’s push for greater labour mobility under 'Mode 4'—especially to benefit its IT sector—was met with limited concessions, falling short of what countries like Australia received. The long-term success of the FTA will hinge on its implementation, the political commitment on both sides, and whether the agreement can adapt to address structural imbalances and evolving geopolitical priorities.

What India Makes that UK Enjoys

Bhagalpur Silk

Bhagalpur, known as the "Silk City of India", has a rich legacy of silk production spanning over 200 years and was granted Geographical Indication (GI) status in 2013. It is India's second-largest silk fabric producer after Karnataka, with its handloom industry creating around 2 million metres of silk annually. The Bhagalpur Silk Cluster—divided into seven key areas—specialises in unique silk products, including sarees, stoles, dhotis, and home décor, utilising both handlooms and power looms.

Baluchari Saree

Baluchari sarees, originating from West Bengal’s Murshidabad, are renowned for their intricate handwoven silk designs depicting mythological scenes and royal life. Tracing back to the early 18th century, the tradition moved from Baluchar to Bishnupur after flooding, evolving during the Malla era. Made using fine silk and jacquard looms, these sarees come in Resham, Meenakari, and Swarnachari variants, distinguished by thread type and complexity. Currently, Baluchari is protected by Geographical Indication and remains a symbol of Bengal’s rich cultural heritage and craftsmanship.

Bandhani or Bandhej

Bandhani, also known as Bandhej or tie-dye, is an ancient Indian textile art believed to date back to the Indus Valley Civilisation (around 4000 BCE) and later flourished in Gujarat and Rajasthan. The technique involves tying cloth into intricate patterns before dyeing, producing vibrant, symbolic designs. Popularised by the Khatri community and patronised during the Mughal era, Bandhani has many regional styles such as Kutchi, Rajasthani, and Sungudi (Tamil Nadu). 

Surat Textiles

Surat, often called the "Textile Capital of India" or "Silk City", has a deep-rooted legacy in textile production dating back to its days as a major port city in medieval India. Its textile industry flourished under Mughal patronage and expanded during European colonisation. Today, Surat produces over 9 million metres of fabric annually and is responsible for nearly 90% of India’s polyester output. Known for blending tradition with cutting-edge technology, the city’s textile sector supports thousands of jobs and remains highly responsive to global fashion trends, solidifying its status as a global textile powerhouse.

Kanchipuram Silk

The Kanchipuram silk, officially recognised with a Geographical Indication in 2005–06, is a renowned traditional garment from Tamil Nadu. Woven from pure mulberry silk with zari from Surat, Kanchipuram or Kanjeevaram sarees are prized for their vibrant colours, contrast borders, and motifs inspired by temple art and nature. The industry, employing around 50,000 weavers and operating 60,000 looms, forms the economic backbone of Kanchipuram. Despite global demand, challenges like counterfeit products, changing consumer preferences, and the need for innovation persist. Government initiatives and co-operative societies aim to protect weavers' rights and ensure authenticity.

Tiruppur Knitwear

Tirupur, known as the "Knitwear Capital of India", is a major textile hub in Tamil Nadu, thriving due to rich cotton-growing soil, a skilled workforce, and a fully integrated knitwear production chain—from spinning to exporting. With over 3,00,000 people directly employed, Tirupur produces comfortable, versatile knitwear ideal for global markets. The city follows strict environmental norms, including Zero Effluent Discharge requirements. Despite infrastructure challenges, Tirupur’s collaborative industry spirit has made it a global leader in knitwear manufacturing and export.

Pashmina Shawls from Kashmir

Pashmina shawls, made from the fine undercoat of Himalayan goats, are renowned for their unmatched softness, warmth, and intricate craftsmanship. Originating in Kashmir, the shawl gained prominence under the Mughal Empire and became a global symbol of luxury. Kashmiri artisans hand-weave these shawls using traditional looms and natural dyes, preserving centuries-old techniques. Today, pashmina continues to be a vital part of Kashmir’s cultural and economic heritage.

Makhana from Bihar

Bihar produces about 90% of the world’s Makhana, with key cultivation in districts like Darbhanga, Madhubani, and Purnea. The region’s "Mithila Makhana" has received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, boosting its market value. Makhana farming supports thousands of livelihoods and is backed by government initiatives. With rising global demand as a superfood, Makhana exports are steadily growing.

Shahi Litchi

Shahi Litchi, grown mainly in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, is prized for its exceptional sweetness and rose-like aroma. This unique variety has been awarded a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, emphasizing its regional identity. The fruit has juicy, white flesh and thin red skin, making it ideal for fresh consumption. Muzaffarpur contributes over 40% of India’s litchi production, with Shahi litchi playing a vital cultural and economic role.

Darjeeling Tea

Darjeeling tea, known for its delicate muscatel flavour and floral aroma, originated in the 19th century during British colonial rule. Cultivated in the cool, misty hills of the Himalayas, Darjeeling’s unique climate and skilled hand-plucking techniques contributed to its global reputation. By the late 1800s, it became a symbol of luxury and earned a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2024. Iconic estates like Makaibari and Glenburn continue the tradition using sustainable practices.

Araku Coffee

Araku Coffee originated as a socio-economic empowerment project in the Araku Valley of Andhra Pradesh. Though coffee cultivation began in the early 1900s, it gained momentum only after the Naandi Foundation intervened in the 2000s. By promoting organic, regenerative agriculture and fair trade practices, the project significantly uplifted tribal farmers, improving their income, education, and health. Today, Araku Coffee is globally recognized for its unique flavour and sustainable farming, with ongoing efforts to enhance quality through better harvesting and processing techniques.

Turmeric

India’s turmeric heritage dates back over 4,000 years, with deep roots in Ayurveda, cuisine, and religious rituals. The first turmeric variety in India to receive a Geographical Indication (GI) tag was Waigaon Turmeric from Maharashtra in 2016, followed by Sangli Turmeric (Maharashtra) in 2018, and Erode Turmeric from Tamil Nadu in 2019 after an eight-year application process. India remains the largest producer and consumer of turmeric. And it’s not just limited to ‘golden milk’ or ‘turmeric lattes’!

Basmati Rice

Basmati rice has been cultivated in the Indian subcontinent for over 2,000 years, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Celebrated for its fragrance, long grains, and delicate flavour, it was historically favoured by royalty and remains deeply embedded in Indian culture and cuisine. Basmati holds Geographical Indication (GI) status, with the Himalayan foothills offering ideal growing conditions. Today, it is a globally valued export, especially to the Middle East and Europe, with traditional farming techniques still passed down through generations.

Saffron from Kashmir

Kashmiri saffron, believed to have been introduced around the 1st century BCE by Central Asian migrants or Persian traders, holds deep cultural and historical importance. Revered in ancient Sanskrit texts and local legends, it flourished during the Mughal era, particularly in Pampore, known today as the "saffron town". Awarded a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2020, it is prized for its deep-red stigmas, strong aroma, and high crocin content. Grown at high altitudes, Kashmiri saffron remains a symbol of heritage, though it faces challenges from climate change and market competition.

Natungram Dolls

With this India–UK Free Trade Agreement, Natungram Dolls have gotten duty-free access boosting Bengal’s craft exports. Natungram dolls, handcrafted in the village of Natungram in West Bengal, are a distinctive form of wooden folk art rooted in centuries-old wood carving traditions. Passed down through artisan families, the dolls often depict figures from Hindu mythology, such as Radha-Krishna and Raja-Rani. With their vibrant colours, rustic charm, and symbolic motifs (like the owl associated with Goddess Lakshmi), these dolls hold both cultural and religious significance. Recognised as part of a Rural Craft Hub, the tradition endures through generations, preserving a vital piece of Bengal’s artistic heritage.

Sikki Grass Toys

Sikki grass craft is a centuries-old tradition from the Mithilanchal region of Bihar, primarily practised by rural women. Originating in the Vedic era, it began with the crafting of household items and later evolved to include decorative toys and dolls, often with religious or symbolic themes. The golden-hued grass holds ritual significance, especially in wedding ceremonies, where items are given as part of the dowry. Today, the craft continues to thrive, adapting to modern tastes with products like mobile cases, while preserving its cultural and economic importance in North Bihar.

Thanjavur Dolls or Thalaiyatti Bommai

Thanjavur dolls, or Thalaiyatti Bommai, originated in the 19th century under Maratha ruler Raja Serfoji II in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. Known for their bobblehead movement and crafted from terracotta or papier-mâché, these dolls are a staple of Navratri Golu displays, symbolising prosperity and cultural pride. They are celebrated for their vibrant colours, intricate details, and delicate craftsmanship. Recognised with a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2008, the dolls continue to be handcrafted by artisans, preserving a rich artistic legacy passed down through generations.

Channapatna Toys

Channapatna toys, traditional wooden toys from Karnataka, trace their origins to the 18th century, when Tipu Sultan invited Persian artisans to teach lacquerware techniques to local craftsmen. Over time, the craft evolved with local influences and Japanese doll-making methods introduced by Bavas Miyan. Made primarily from ivory wood and finished with natural dyes, these toys are known for their vibrant colours and safe materials. Awarded a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2005, the craft faces modern challenges from mass-produced alternatives but remains a proud symbol of Karnataka's cultural heritage.

Vellore Chappals

Vellore chappals are traditional South Indian leather slippers, prized for their durability and craftsmanship. Hand-stitched by skilled artisans in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, these chappals feature simple, yet functional designs, making them a staple in many South Indian households. Although less ornate compared to other footwear, they are highly valued for their comfort and longevity, often worn with traditional attire like silk sarees. The craft of making these chappals is passed down through generations, contributing to their enduring popularity in the region.

Santiniketan Leather

Shantiniketan leather craft originated in the 1940s in villages around Shantiniketan, West Bengal, revived by Rabindranath Tagore and his family. Known for embossed and batik designs on vegetable-tanned goat and sheep leather, it began as a cottage industry supported by Visva-Bharati University. In 2007, it received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. The craft has evolved over time, blending traditional and modern styles, and is now popular in both domestic and international markets.

Agra and Kanpur Leather

Kanpur’s leather industry, established during the British era, became a major hub for military and police exports, evolving into an industrial centre with modern technology. In contrast, Agra's leather industry, rooted in the Mughal period, is renowned for its traditional craftsmanship, especially in making high-quality footwear like juttis. While Kanpur focuses on large-scale production, Agra maintains its emphasis on handcrafted, specialised leather goods. Both cities have played pivotal roles in shaping India's leather industry.

Kolhapuri Chappals

Kolhapuri chappals, originating in the 12th century in Maharashtra, were crafted by local artisans known as "charmakars" using traditional hand-stitching techniques, without nails or industrial machinery. Initially called names like Kapashi and Paytaan, they became widely known as Kolhapuris by the 18th century. Known for their unique braiding, durability, and cultural significance, they gained global recognition and a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2019. Despite mass-produced imitations and international brands blatantly ignoring the origins, authentic Kolhapuris remain a symbol of craftsmanship and regional identity.

Morbi Ceramics

Morbi's ceramic industry began in the 1950s with small-scale tile production, primarily roof tiles. The turning point came in the 1980s with the introduction of advanced machinery from Italy and Spain, enabling the production of vitrified tiles. Economic liberalisation in the 1990s spurred growth, establishing Morbi as a global ceramic tile hub. The city's access to raw materials, skilled workforce, and modern infrastructure further fueled its success, making it a major player in the global ceramic market.

Khurja Pottery

Holding a history of around 600 years, Khurja pottery has origins linked either to the settlement of traditional potter communities or to the Mughal era, particularly under Emperor Mohammad-bin-Tughlak in the 14th century. The craft evolved from producing tiles to a diverse range of ceramic products. Over time, Khurja potters refined their techniques, including glazing and decoration. Modernisation has seen a shift from coal-fired to gas-based furnaces, enhancing both production quality and sustainability. Today, Khurja is known as "The Ceramics City" for its vibrant pottery industry.

Jalandhar Sports

Jalandhar's sports goods manufacturing industry traces its roots to Sialkot, now in Pakistan, where craftsmanship in sports equipment, especially cricket gear, flourished before the 1947 partition. After partition, skilled Hindu artisans migrated to Jalandhar and established the sports goods industry there. Initially focused on cricket, the industry grew to encompass a range of sports equipment, including hockey, football, and boxing gear. Now, Jalandhar is a major export hub, supplying countries like the UK, USA, and Australia.

Kashmir Willow Cricket Bats

The Kashmir willow cricket bat industry dates back to the 19th century when British colonists introduced willow trees to the region, recognizing Kashmir’s climate and soil as ideal for cultivation. By the early 20th century, local manufacturing units began producing bats, initially catering to British army officers. The industry grew, with a strong presence in districts like Anantnag and Pulwama. Known for blending traditional craftsmanship with modern techniques, Kashmir willow bats have become a significant part of the region's economy and cultural identity.

Meerut Sports Goods

Meerut’s sports goods industry, rooted in the 19th century, evolved from local artisans crafting equipment for British soldiers. Post-1947 partition, skilled craftsmen from Sialkot boosted production, leading to the establishment of formal industrial units by 1948. The industry flourished, with Meerut becoming a dominant player in India’s sports goods sector. Today, Meerut is home to over 1,500 SMEs and plays a crucial role in both domestic and global markets, exporting products like cricket bats, footballs, and boxing gear. Government support has further fueled its growth.

Surat Diamonds

With this India–UK Free Trade Agreement, diamonds from Surat get 0% tariff boosting global hub. Surat's diamond industry traces its roots back to the Mughal era when the city was a major trading port. In the early 1900s, diamond cutters from East Africa, along with local communities, kickstarted the polishing industry. Over the 20th century, small workshops evolved into global centers of craftsmanship, and currently, Surat processes 92% of the world's diamonds. The city's modern infrastructure, including the Surat Diamond Bourse, supports its position as a leader in the global diamond market.

Jaipur Gemstone Jewellery

Jaipur’s gemstone jewelry industry began in the 18th century, driven by the royal patronage of Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, who invited skilled artisans from across India. This led to the city's transformation into a hub for gemstone cutting, polishing, and trading. Over time, Jaipur became known for its craftsmanship, specialising in gemstones like emeralds, rubies, and sapphires. The industry continues to thrive, blending traditional techniques with modern innovations, and remains a global leader in fine jewelry production.

Kerala Rubber

Rubber cultivation in Kerala began in the late 19th century, introduced by British planters who established the first plantations in the Western Ghats. Initially facing challenges due to unfamiliarity with the process and plant diseases, the industry gained momentum through government support, technological advancements, and favorable agro-climatic conditions. Over time, rubber replaced coconut trees in many parts of the state, with smallholdings becoming the primary mode of production. Today, Kerala is a leading producer of high-quality latex, contributing significantly to both the state's economy and the global rubber market. Major rubber-producing districts include Kottayam, Kollam, Ernakulam, and Thrissur, with Kottayam being the top contributor.

Tripura Rubber

Rubber cultivation in Tripura began in 1963, introduced by the State Forest Department to rehabilitate degraded forest land and support tribal communities. By the 1970s, large-scale plantations were established by the Tripura Forest Development Plantation Corporation (TFDPC). The Rubber Board expanded its presence in 1967, further promoting the industry. In the early 2000s, a government initiative, supported by the Rubber Board and the World Bank, accelerated plantation growth. Today, Tripura is the second-largest rubber producer in India, playing a crucial role in the state's economy and providing livelihoods for many residents.

That’s not all, there’s more! Powered by the India–UK Free Trade Agreement, Visa support helps firms send talent on-site and grow revenue. Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Pune get better UK access for projects. Also, mobility has been eased for skilled workers from Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Maharashtra.