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India, known for its rich culture, has many art forms, including music that connects emotions, traditions, and spirituality. One such musical treasure is the Banarasi Sehnai, a traditional wind instrument often played at weddings and religious events. Its beautiful and soulful tunes are associated with new beginnings and cultural celebrations.
The Banarasi Sehnai comes from the holy city of Banaras (now Varanasi). It is more than just an instrument; it represents history, tradition, and artistic skill. Its special sound has been heard in homes, temples, and significant events, captivating listeners for generations.
How Did the Banaras Shehnai Get Its GI Tag?
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The journey of the Banaras Shehnai towards getting the GI tag started with the Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan Foundation, a cultural group in Varanasi focused on preserving Indian music and art. The foundation applied for the GI tag to officially recognise the Banaras Shehnai's special qualities and its connection to the region.
Padma Shri awardee Dr. Rajani Kant, known as the "GI Man of India," supported this effort. He is an important figure in preserving India's cultural heritage and has helped secure GI tags for many Indian crafts and products. With his help, the application emphasised these points about the Banaras Shehnai, skilled artisans in Varanasi who craft it using high-quality wood like teak or rosewood for the body and silver or brass for the decorations, ensuring excellent sound. The instrument has deep ties to Varanasi's spiritual and cultural traditions and is often used in classical music and ceremonies.
After a detailed review, the Banaras Shehnai received the GI tag, which recognizes its unique cultural and regional value.
The Legacy of the Banaras Shehnai
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The Banaras Shehnai is highly respected in Indian classical music, thanks to the legendary Ustad Bismillah Khan. Born and raised in Varanasi, he transformed the shehnai from an instrument used mainly for ceremonies and weddings into one celebrated globally. His performances made the shehnai famous, connecting it with Indian classical music.
Ustad Bismillah Khan
Pioneering Role: Ustad Bismillah Khan played a key role in turning the shehnai into a concert instrument. Before his work, it was mostly used in weddings and religious ceremonies, like in temples.
International Recognition: He performed at major events, including India's Independence Day in 1947, where his shehnai recital marked the occasion. His international tours and concerts brought global attention to Indian classical music.
Awards and Honors: Ustad Bismillah Khan's achievements were honoured with many awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, and the Padma Vibhushan.
The Impact of the GI Tag on the Banaras Shehnai
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The GI tag for the Banaras Shehnai is an important step in preserving and promoting the instrument. It recognizes the skilled artisans of Varanasi, helping them gain more recognition and financial support. The GI tag also ensures the Banaras Shehnai stays connected to its place of origin, protecting it from being copied or mass-produced. It boosts the cultural appeal of Varanasi, drawing music lovers and tourists to explore its heritage. The GI tag also increases the market value of the shehnai, benefiting its makers and supporting sustainable livelihoods.
Challenges and the Way Forward
Even with its GI tag, the Banaras Shehnai faces challenges, such as fewer artisans and less interest from younger generations in learning the craft. The rise of electronic music and changing cultural tastes also threaten its survival. Music schools should offer courses on the shehnai to encourage young musicians to learn and preserve it. Financial help through policies and grants can support artisans and musicians dedicated to the shehnai. Organising events and performances focused on the shehnai can spark public interest. Promoting the shehnai through international collaborations and cultural exchanges can help it reach a wider audience.
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The Banaras Shehnai is a symbol of India’s rich cultural heritage and the hard work of the artisans and musicians who keep it alive. Its beautiful sound, deeply connected to the traditions of Varanasi, continues to inspire music lovers worldwide.
As we celebrate the recognition of the Banaras Shehnai, it is important to remember Ustad Bismillah Khan’s legacy and support the artisans who created this special instrument. By doing so, we ensure that this cultural treasure will continue to be enjoyed for many years to come.