The Pink Warriors: How Gulabi Gang is Fighting for Women’s Rights Across India

Draped in pink sarees, they take on issues like domestic abuse and caste discrimination, to early marriages and administrative apathy. What often goes unaddressed in rural settings, the Gulabi Gang not only works for these women but also focuses on empowering others by building confidence, demanding accountability, and ensuring that women's voices are not only heard but also respected in public life. 

Established in 2006, the movement of Gulabi Gang began when Sampat Pal Devi, despite lacking formal education, stood up against a case of domestic abuse in her village. She gathered local women, confronted the perpetrator using bamboo sticks, and sent a strong message that such violence would no longer be tolerated.

That act of resistance quickly transformed into a broader campaign. As more women joined forces, the collective evolved into a sustained effort to confront injustice, expose corruption, and fight for equality and respect in their everyday lives.

Born from Resistance: How Injustice Sparked the Gulabi Gang

Across rural India, particularly in states like Uttar Pradesh, women have long faced deep-rooted inequalities, ranging from domestic violence and child marriage to dowry deaths, gender based discrimination, and caste-based discrimination.

These issues were often worsened by an indifferent justice system and patriarchal norms that left survivors with little recourse. In such an environment, women, especially those from marginalised communities, found it nearly impossible to speak up, let alone seek justice. The Gulabi Gang emerged from this atmosphere of silence and suppression. 

On the Frontlines: The Gulabi Gang’s Fight for Justice

The Gulabi Gang has fearlessly stepped in where formal systems have failed, often becoming the first line of defence for women in distress. From rescuing women trapped in abusive marriages to stopping child marriages in India before vows were exchanged, their interventions have been swift and impactful.

In several instances, they have physically confronted perpetrators of aggravated sexual assault, especially in cases where local police refused to act. Their bold tactics, such as surrounding police stations or staging sit-ins, have compelled authorities to take long-neglected complaints seriously.

Beyond gender-based violence, the group has also tackled broader issues of injustice, such as corruption in welfare schemes, caste-based discrimination, and exploitation by local officials. In one notable case, they exposed a fraudulent ration dealer who was siphoning off food meant for poor families.

They have also helped survivors of assault navigate legal procedures and reclaim dignity, while actively encouraging women to contest panchayat elections, access education, and assert their rights in public life.

Pushing Back: The Real-World Challenges 

The Gulabi Gang’s fearless activism has often put them at odds with powerful local interests. In many cases, members have been targeted by village leaders, police officers, and even landlords, particularly when they exposed corruption or demanded action in sexual assault cases.

Sampat Pal Devi herself has faced backlash, including brief arrest and public scrutiny, especially when the group intervened in high-profile dowry or rape cases that embarrassed local officials. Some women have been beaten, threatened with social boycott, or had false charges filed against them for “disrupting peace.” Their methods, like surrounding police stations or publicly confronting abusers, have also drawn criticism from those who view them as unruly or “too aggressive” for traditional rural settings.

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Internally, the gang has faced struggles with maintaining consistent operations across districts. With no regular source of funding or institutional support, many members operate on personal contributions or small community donations. Coordinating across villages in Bundelkhand, where the transport and communication infrastructure is poor, adds to the logistical burden.

Moreover, some chapters have reportedly fragmented over time due to leadership disputes or a lack of a clear strategy. Still, the Gulabi Gang has adapted by forming local committees, training new members, and focusing on grassroots education, proving that their fight for justice is not a fleeting movement but a long-term mission shaped by resilience.

Sustaining the Spirit of the Gulabi Gang

From a single act of defiance to a widespread movement, the Gulabi Gang has become a lasting force in the fight against gender-based injustice in rural India. Their journey reflects the power of collective action in challenging social norms and holding systems accountable.

Looking to the future, the group is working to build long-term change by focusing on education, legal support, and nurturing women leaders at the grassroots level. Despite facing ongoing resistance, their work continues to inspire similar efforts across the country. The real legacy of the Gulabi Gang lies in the shift it has sparked, empowering women to speak out, organise, and reclaim their place in society.